{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:14:30Z","timestamp":1791274470655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/DTP\u2010SAP\/1522\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/DTP\u2010SAP\/1522\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/108605\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/108605\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/112269\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/112269\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood exposure to microbiologic agents may influence the development of allergic and respiratory diseases. Apart from home, children spend most of their time at school, which represents an environment of significant exposure to indoor air microbes. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the prevalence of allergic sensitization and asthma in schoolchildren is affected by microbiologic exposure within classrooms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spirometry with bronchodilation, exhaled nitric oxide measurements and skin\u2010prick tests data were retrieved from 858 children aged 8\u201310 years attending 71 classrooms in 20 primary schools. Air samples were collected in all classrooms using a single\u2010stage microbiologic air impactor through agar plates. Gram\u2010negative endotoxins were collected using flow control pumps and analysed by limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Diversity scores were established as the number of different fungal species found in each classroom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classrooms with increased diversity scores showed a significantly lower prevalence of children with atopic sensitization, but not asthma. The risk of sensitization increased with increasing endotoxin exposure in classrooms. Similarly, significantly higher concentrations of <jats:italic>Penicillium spp<\/jats:italic> were found in classrooms with a higher number of children with atopic sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although no causal relationships could be established, exposure to higher fungal diversity was protective against allergic sensitization but this was not seen for asthma. In contrast, higher exposure to Gram\u2010negative endotoxins and <jats:italic>Penicillium spp<\/jats:italic> in primary school\u2032s classrooms was associated with increasing odds of allergic sensitization in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T00:56:37Z","timestamp":1487292997000},"page":"332-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Indoor fungal diversity in primary schools may differently influence allergic sensitization and asthma in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Porto Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2010 Institute of Science and 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