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Little is known about the life\u2010course of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content>s in the markedly different, low\u2010income, tropical environment. We describe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content>s in a tropical, African birth cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ugandan children were followed from birth to 9\u00a0years. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaires were completed at intervals; doctor\u2010diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content>s were recorded throughout follow\u2010up. Skin prick tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>s) were performed at 3 and 9\u00a0years. Atopy was defined as \u22651 positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2345 live\u2010born children, 1214 (52%) were seen at 9\u00a0years. Wheeze and eczema were common in infancy, but by 9\u00a0years, only 4% reported recent wheeze, 5% eczema and 5% rhinitis. Between 3 and 9\u00a0years, atopy prevalence increased from 19% to 25%. Atopy at 3 or 9\u00a0years was associated with reported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content> events at 9\u00a0years, for example <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a05.2 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.9\u201310.7) for atopy and recent wheeze at 9\u00a0years. Reported or doctor\u2010diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content> events in early childhood were associated with the same events in later childhood, for example <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.4 (2.3\u20138.4) for the association between reported wheeze before 3\u00a0years with reported recent wheeze at 9\u00a0years, but progression from early eczema to later rhinitis or asthma was not observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergen sensitization started early in childhood and increased with age. Eczema and wheeze were common in infancy and declined with age. Atopy was strongly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content> among the few affected children. The typical Atopic March did not occur. Environmental exposures during childhood may dissociate atopy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]],"date-time":"2017-03-25T07:59:59Z","timestamp":1490428799000},"page":"377-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Life\u2010course of atopy and allergy\u2010related disease events in tropical sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6271-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaib A.","family":"Lule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"},{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mpairwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit 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