{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:17:21Z","timestamp":1768317441178,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004965","name":"Sixth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["036383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["036383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newborns at high risk of celiac disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) were recruited in Italy in the context of the Prevent<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> study and closely monitored for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, from 4\u00a0months up to a mean age of 8\u00a0years at follow\u2010up. The aim of our study was to investigate intestinal T\u2010cell reactivity to gliadin at the first clinical and\/or serological signs of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gliadin\u2010reactive T\u2010cell lines were generated from intestinal biopsies of 19 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>2\u2010or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DQ<\/jats:styled-content>8\u2010positive children. At biopsy, 11 children had a diagnosis of acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, two of potential <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, and six were non\u2010celiac controls. Immune reactivity was evaluated against gliadin and known immunogenic peptides from \u03b1\u2010, \u03b3\u2010, or \u03c9\u2010gliadins. The role of deamidation by transglutaminase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tTG<\/jats:styled-content>) in determining the immunogenicity of gliadin was also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> (either acute or potential) had an inflammatory response to gliadin. Notably, signs of T\u2010cell reactivity to gliadin were also found in some non\u2010celiac subjects, in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 responses occurred mainly when regulatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 cytokines were blocked. Interestingly, Prevent<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> children reacted to gliadin peptides found active in adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tTG<\/jats:styled-content> deamidation markedly enhanced gliadin recognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cells reactive to gliadin can be detected in the intestine of children at high risk of developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, in some cases also in the presence of a normal mucosa and negative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated antibodies. Furthermore, children at a very early stage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> recognize the same gliadin epitopes that are active in adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Tissue transglutaminase strongly enhances gluten T\u2010cell immunogenicity in early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]],"date-time":"2017-03-25T07:44:53Z","timestamp":1490427893000},"page":"362-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Gliadin\u2010reactive T cells in Italian children from preventCD cohort at high risk of celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Camarca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council Avellino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Translational Sciences Section\u00a0of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Food Induced Diseases (E.L.F.I.D) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Picascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Protein Biochemistry National Research Council Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council Avellino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariantonia","family":"Maglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Translational Sciences Section\u00a0of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Food Induced Diseases (E.L.F.I.D) University of Naples Federico II Naples 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