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Longer\u2010term effects have not been investigated prospectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> confirmation of rhinovirus from nasopharyngeal aspirate, 79 children with the first acute wheezing episode were randomized to receive orally prednisolone or placebo for 3\u00a0days. The initiation of asthma control medication before the age of 5\u00a0years was confirmed from medical record and\/or from parental interview. The outcome was the time to initiation of regular asthma control medication. Interaction analysis examined rhinovirus genome load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine (75%) children completed the follow\u2010up. Asthma control medication was initiated in 40 (68%) children at the median age of 20\u00a0months. Overall, prednisolone did not affect the time to initiation of asthma control medication when compared to placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.99). Rhinovirus load modified the effect of prednisolone regarding the time to initiation of asthma control medication (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for interaction=.04). In children with high rhinovirus load (&gt;7000\u00a0copies\/mL; n=23), the risk for initiation of medication was lower in the prednisolone group compared to the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.05). In the placebo group, asthma medication was initiated to all children with high rhinovirus load (n=9) during the 14\u00a0months after the first wheezing episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, prednisolone did not affect the time to initiation of asthma control medication when compared to placebo. However, prednisolone may be beneficial in first\u2010time wheezing children whose episode was severe and associated with high rhinovirus load. (ClinicalTrials.gov, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>00731575).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T07:36:34Z","timestamp":1498721794000},"page":"557-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prednisolone for the first rhinovirus\u2010induced wheezing and 4\u2010year asthma risk: A randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2828-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamari","family":"Koistinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Lukkarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Vahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Ruuskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200209000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14685-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1174CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.Expert panel report 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma \u2010 Full report;2007.http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-pro\/guidelines\/current\/asthma-guidelines. 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