{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:31:09Z","timestamp":1787783469670,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["064693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["064693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["079110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["079110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["95778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000867","name":"Commonwealth Scholarship Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helminth infections, common in low\u2010income countries, may protect against allergy\u2010related disease. Early exposure may be a key. In the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, treating helminths during pregnancy resulted in increased eczema rates in early childhood. We followed the cohort to determine whether this translated to increased asthma rates at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial, conducted in Entebbe, Uganda, had three interventions. During pregnancy, women were randomized, simultaneously, to albendazole vs placebo and to praziquantel vs placebo. Their children were independently randomized to quarterly albendazole vs placebo from age 15\u00a0months to 5\u00a0years. We here report follow\u2010up to age 9\u00a0years. Primary outcomes at 9\u00a0years were recent reported wheeze, skin prick test positivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>) to common allergens and allergen\u2010specific IgE positivity to dust mite or cockroach. Secondary outcomes were doctor\u2010diagnosed asthma and eczema rates between 5 and 9\u00a0years, recent eczema, rhinitis and urticaria at 9\u00a0years, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> and IgE responses to individual allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>2507 pregnant women were enrolled; 1215 children were seen at age nine, of whom 1188 are included in this analysis. Reported wheeze was rare at 9\u00a0years (3.7%) while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> positivity (25.0%) and IgE positivity (44.1%) were common. There was no evidence of a treatment effect for any of the three interventions on any of the primary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal and early\u2010life treatment of helminths, in the absence of change in other exposures, is unlikely to increase the risk of atopic diseases later in childhood in this tropical, low\u2010income setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T16:32:46Z","timestamp":1505147566000},"page":"784-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of treating helminths during pregnancy and early childhood on risk of allergy\u2010related outcomes: Follow\u2010up of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Benigna","family":"Namara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6271-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaib A.","family":"Lule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hellen","family":"Akurut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mpairwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe 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Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Muhangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Muwanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entebbe Hospital  Entebbe Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison M.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London 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