{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T21:38:47Z","timestamp":1771882727090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some human and animal studies have recently shown that maternal grandmother's smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of asthma in the grandchildren. We have investigated whether sex of the exposed parent and\/or grandchild modifies the association between grandmaternal smoking and grandchild asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We formed a cohort study based on linkage of national registries with prospectively collected data over three generations. Smoking habits in early pregnancy were registered since 1982 and purchases of prescribed medication since 2005. In all, 10\u00a0329 children born since 2005 had information on maternal and grandmaternal smoking on both sides and were followed from birth up to 6\u00a0years of age. Ages when medication was purchased were used to classify the cohort into never, early transient (0\u20103\u00a0years), early persistent (0\u20103 and 4\u20106\u00a0years), and late\u2010onset (4\u20106\u00a0years) phenotypes of childhood asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal grandmother's smoking was associated with an increased odds of early persistent asthma after adjustment for maternal smoking and other confounders (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.10\u20101.51). Grandchild sex did not modify the association. Paternal grandmother's smoking was not associated with any of the asthma phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal but not paternal exposure to nicotine before conception was related to an increased risk of early persistent childhood asthma, but not other asthma phenotypes. Our findings are possibly consistent with a sex\u2010specific mode of epigenetic transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T11:12:34Z","timestamp":1520421154000},"page":"361-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Childhood asthma and smoking exposures before conception\u2014A three\u2010generational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Br\u00e5b\u00e4ck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline J.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"},{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"},{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyamali C.","family":"Dharmage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertil","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201507-420MG"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0344OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0085-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.4.1232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9873-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147470490900700109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928711401766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812459607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Father's environment before conception and asthma risk in his children: a multi\u2010generation analysis of the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe study","volume":"46","author":"Svanes C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden.Educational attainment of the population. [Internet]. Available from:http:\/\/ww.scb.se\/en\/finding-statistics\/statistics-by-subject-area\/education-and-research\/education-of-the-population\/educational-attainment-of-the-population\/. 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