{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:12:48Z","timestamp":1789866768959,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26\u201018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26\u201018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exploring patterns of childhood wheeze may help to clarify the etiology and prognosis of respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to classify phenotypes of wheezing in children up to 9\u00a0years of age in Japan and to evaluate the individual and environmental risk factors for these phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wheeze was evaluated at approximately 1\u2010year intervals based on the mothers\u2019 recollection of their child\u2019s wheezing or whistling in the chest during the preceding 12\u00a0months. The children were aged 1\u20109\u00a0years. In total, 1116 children who had at least five measures of wheezing at all nine time points were used for identifying trajectories. Trajectories were identified with group\u2010based trajectory analysis. A multinomial logit model was built to evaluate the relationships between phenotypes and risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five typical trajectories were identified. The probability of group membership was 43.7%, 32.2%, 6.2%, 8.6%, and 9.2% for the never\/infrequent wheeze, transient early wheeze, school\u2010age\u2010onset wheeze, early\u2010childhood\u2010onset remitting wheeze, and persistent wheeze trajectories, respectively. Infant tobacco exposure increased the odds of membership in the transient early wheeze trajectory compared to the never\/infrequent wheeze trajectory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the group\u2010based trajectory modeling approach, we identified five trajectories of childhood wheeze development in a Japanese population. The trajectories shown here are based on formal statistical modeling rather than on subjective classification, and an assessment of its precision suggested that the model has high assignment accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T20:07:57Z","timestamp":1524773277000},"page":"606-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Phenotypes of childhood wheeze in Japanese children: A group\u2010based trajectory analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Limin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Department of Medical Subspecialties National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children\u2019s 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Epidemiology Research Toho University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Department of Medical Subspecialties National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy Department of Medical Subspecialties National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo 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