{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:54:33Z","timestamp":1790243673037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["art 12 and 12bis Dl .gs. vo 502\/92"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["art 12 and 12bis Dl .gs. vo 502\/92"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wheezing and infections are common during infancy, and the role of early\u2010life exposures in their development is still under investigation. We examined associations between maternal mental health in pregnancy and after delivery and subsequent offspring wheezing and infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 2314 mother\u2010child pairs recruited in the Piccolipi\u00f9 birth cohort (Italy) from 2011 to 2015. Maternal mental health was assessed in pregnancy and 12\u00a0months after delivery via the General Health Questionnaire\u201012 (GHQ\u201012). GHQ\u201012 Likert scores were collapsed into low (below the upper tercile) and high (above). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between each combination of scores\u2014during pregnancy and 1\u00a0year after delivery\u2014and outcomes were computed by log\u2010binomial regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High scores both in pregnancy and after delivery, compared with low scores in both periods, were associated with wheezing (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.69), recurrent (\u22652 episodes) wheezing (1.35; 0.99, 1.83), any and recurrent (\u22654 episodes) upper respiratory infections (1.20; 1.04, 1.41, and 1.45; 1.07, 1.97, respectively), lower respiratory infections (1.31; 1.08, 1.61), and diarrhea (1.49; 1.23, 1.80). High scores either during pregnancy or 1\u00a0year after delivery only were less consistently associated with outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal mental health problems extending from pregnancy to the first year after delivery are associated with development of both wheezing and infections. As wheezing is mostly triggered by infections, increased infection susceptibility could represent a possible common biologic mechanism. This study confirms the importance of early\u2010life exposures on childhood health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T16:48:50Z","timestamp":1561740530000},"page":"732-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Perinatal maternal mental health is associated with both infections and wheezing in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ospedale Versilia Viareggio Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service\u2013ASL ROMA1 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences CPO Piemonte, University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Asta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service\u2013ASL ROMA1 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Brescianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Richiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences CPO Piemonte, University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ronfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Stazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61277-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00299-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0744PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0162OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137304","article-title":"Quality and stress in pregnancy predict the risk of infectious disease in the offspring: the norwegian mother and child cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Henriksen RE","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"GoldbergDP WilliamsP.A user's guide to the General health questionnaire. 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