{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1772160853521,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["529051014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["529051014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["696295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["696295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC\u20102014\u2010CoG\u2010648916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u20102014\u2010CoG\u2010648916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003061","name":"Erasmus Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Airway bacterial carriage might play a role in respiratory disease. We hypothesize that nasal carriage with\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      or nasopharyngeal carriage with\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      predisposes individuals to adverse respiratory health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association of early\u2010life airway bacterial carriage with respiratory tract infections and vice versa, and of early\u2010life airway bacterial carriage with wheezing, lung function, and asthma in later childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We collected upper airway swabs for bacterial culturing for\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus, H influenzae, M catarrhalis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>H influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      at six timepoints between the ages of 6\u00a0weeks and 6\u00a0years among 945 children participating in a population\u2010based prospective cohort study. Information on respiratory tract infections and wheezing until age 6\u00a0years, and asthma at age 10\u00a0years was obtained by questionnaires. Lung function at age 10\u00a0years was measured by spirometry. We tested possible bidirectional associations between airway bacterial carriage and respiratory tract infections by cross\u2010lagged models, and associations of repeatedly measured airway bacterial carriage with wheezing, lung function, and asthma by generalized estimating equations models and regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010lagged modeling showed that early\u2010life airway bacterial carriage was not consistently associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections or vice versa. Nasopharyngeal carriage with any bacteria in infancy was associated with an increased risk of wheezing (OR [95% CI]: 1.66 [1.31, 2.10]). Airway bacterial carriage was not consistently associated with school\u2010age lung function or asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasopharyngeal carriage with any bacteria is associated with wheezing, but not respiratory tract infections, asthma, or lung function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T21:35:44Z","timestamp":1591824944000},"page":"774-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Airway bacterial carriage and childhood respiratory health: A population\u2010based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien R.","family":"van Meel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent W. V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1984-564X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten I. M.","family":"Looman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri\u00ebtte A.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6804.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0215OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00312-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052632"},{"issue":"811","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus colonization is associated with wheeze and asthma among US children and young adults","volume":"135","author":"Davis MF","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0395LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0224-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9022-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00641-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9500-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0631OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"BSI Brief Symptom Inventory, Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual","author":"LR. 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