{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:19Z","timestamp":1772160859690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent wheezing (RW) is frequently developed in infants that have suffered bronchiolitis (BCH) during first months of life, but the immune mechanism underlying is not clear. The goal was to analyze the innate immune response that characterizes BCH and RW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010eight and seventy hospitalized infants with BCH or RW diagnosis, respectively, were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was processed. Cellular pellet was employed to evaluate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by flow cytometry and mRNA expression assays by semi\u2010quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR). In supernatant, twenty\u2010seven pro\u2010inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, as well as lipid mediators and nitrites, were evaluated by ELISA and Luminex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bronchiolitis patients showed higher ILC2 percentage compared with RW (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Also, ST2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/ILC2 percentage was higher in the BCH group than in the RW group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).\n                      <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>IL33<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>IFNG<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA levels were significantly increased in BCH vs RW (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). In supernatant, no significant differences were reached, observing similar levels of parameters linked to vascular damage, monocyte activation, and fibroblast growth. Prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 were evaluated; a significant difference was only found in their ratio.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchiolitis is associated with elevated nasal percentage of ILC2. This cellular population could be the key element in the differential immune response between BCH and RW which share some mechanisms such us monocyte activation, vascular damage, and fibroblast repair. Lipid mediators could play a role in the evolution of the disease later in life through innate lymphoid cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T11:42:09Z","timestamp":1594035729000},"page":"51-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing are distinguished by type 2 innate lymphoid cells and immune response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Sastre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology IIS\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Severo Ochoa Hospital Legan\u00e9s Spain"},{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Alfonso X El Sabio University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Ca\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology IIS\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Alfonso X El Sabio University Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n IdiPaz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodrigo\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology IIS\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit National Microbiology Center (ISCIII) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mah\u00edllo\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit IIS\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6228-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"del Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology IIS\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61380-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2235OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140270007003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"942","article-title":"Short technical reports. 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