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Our aim was to identify the association between parental atopic diseases and the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergies, and their effect modifications due to the offspring's sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05564) (born between 2001 and 2006) was identified from the population register and live in the province of South Karelia, Finland. Questionnaire\u2010based information on parental atopic diseases was available for 3592 children. The results of skin prick tests, specific IgE tests, and open food challenges (OFC) were collected from patient records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By 12\u00a0years of age, the cumulative incidence of sensitization to food (14% vs 7%, hazard ratio 2.13; 95% CI 1.68\u20132.69), animal (10% vs 6%, 1.86; 1.42\u20132.44), and pollen allergens (12% vs 6%, 2.43; 1.85\u20133.19), as well as food allergies (positive OFC, 5% vs 2%, 2.28; 1.57\u20133.33), was higher in the offspring of parents with atopic diseases. The cumulative incidence for pollen sensitization was twofold higher for the female offspring of parents with atopic diseases than those of parents without, while it was almost threefold higher among males. The association between parental pollen allergy and the offspring's pollen sensitization was modified by sex according to additive scale estimates (RERI 1.03; 95% CI 0.13\u20131.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Until adolescence, parental atopic diseases have a relatively strong association with the offspring's, particularly male offspring's, atopic sensitization, and food allergies. A pronounced association was found between parental pollen allergy and the male offspring's pollen sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T23:19:57Z","timestamp":1612394397000},"page":"859-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Atopic diseases of the parents predict the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5455-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaisa","family":"Pyrh\u00f6nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and MRC Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petri","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and MRC Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Biomedicine Research Unit Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0157-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0014-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0756-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70164-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01957.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10115364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2008.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.105411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Digital and population data services agency.Personal identity code.https:\/\/dvv.fi\/en\/personal\u2010identity\u2010code. 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