{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:31:25Z","timestamp":1787236285956,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000221","name":"Canadian Lung Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002722","name":"AllerGen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008795","name":"Manitoba Medical Service Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence immune development. We examined the association of PUFAs in human milk with food sensitization and atopic dermatitis among breastfed infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a selected subgroup of 1109 mother\u2010infant dyads from the CHILD Cohort Study, human milk was analyzed by gas\u2010liquid chromatography to quantify PUFAs including arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). At 1\u00a0year of age, food sensitization was determined by skin\u2010prick testing for egg, peanut, cow's milk, and soybean, and atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by pediatricians. Logistic regression analyses controlled for breastfeeding exclusivity, family history of atopy, and other potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 184 infants (17%) were sensitized to one or more food allergens and 160 (14%) had atopic dermatitis. Sex\u2010specific associations were observed between these conditions and milk PUFAs. Girls receiving human milk with lower proportions of DHA had lower odds of food sensitization (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.12, 0.99 for lowest vs highest quintile), and a clear dose\u2010dependent association was observed for the ARA\/DHA ratio (aOR 2.98; 95% CI 1.10, 8.06 for lowest vs highest quintile). These associations were not seen in boys. Similar sex\u2010specific tendencies were observed for atopic dermatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human milk PUFA proportions and their ratios are associated with infant atopic conditions in a sex\u2010specific manner. In female infants, a higher ratio of ARA\/DHA may reduce the risk of food sensitization and atopic dermatitis. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of this sex\u2010specific association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T16:20:42Z","timestamp":1615566042000},"page":"1173-1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sex\u2010specific associations of human milk long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant allergic conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kozeta","family":"Miliku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"},{"name":"Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC) Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba Winnipeg MB 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