{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:28:04Z","timestamp":1790785684832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) is clinically heterogenous. We aimed to identify distinct phenotypes among children with AR using data\u2010driven techniques and to ascertain their association with patterns of symptoms, allergic sensitization, and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 510 children with physician\u2010diagnosed AR, of whom 205 (40%) had asthma. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify latent structure within the data set using 17 variables (allergic conjunctivitis, eczema, asthma, family history of asthma, family history of allergic rhinitis, skin sensitization to 8 common allergens, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A four\u2010class solution was selected as the optimal model based on statistical fit. We labeled latent classes as: (1) AR with grass mono\u2010sensitization and conjunctivitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0361, 70.8%); (2) AR with house dust mite sensitization and asthma (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a075, 14.7%); (3) AR with pet and grass polysensitization and conjunctivitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a035, 6.9%); and (4) AR among children with tonsils and adenoids removed (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a039, 7.6%). Perennial AR was significantly more common among children in Class 2 (OR 5.83, 95% CI 3.42\u20139.94,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) and Class 3 (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.36\u20136.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.006). Mild and intermittent AR symptoms were significantly more common in children in Class 2 compared to those in Class 1. AR was more severe in Class 1 compared to other 3 classes, indicating that upper respiratory symptoms are more severe among children with isolated seasonal rhinitis, than in those with rhinitis and coexisting asthma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have identified 4 phenotypes in school\u2010age children with AR, which were associated with different patterns of clinical symptoms and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T14:35:38Z","timestamp":1627310138000},"page":"1691-1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Four subtypes of childhood allergic rhinitis identified by latent class analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9315-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suleyman Tolga","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy Children\u2019s Hospital University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceyda","family":"Oksel Karakus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Izmir Institute of Technology Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Custovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8715-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Kalayci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Hacettepe University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.779238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.10.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1101OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2018.39.4122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Global initiative for asthma. 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