{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:02:42Z","timestamp":1782367362018,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is highly prevalent and often coexists with asthma exacerbation. Divergent findings about the association between the two diseases were reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to determine whether there exists an association between GORD and asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases and then performed a manual search, to identify eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed\u2010 and random\u2010effect models. We evaluated the quality of included studies, explored heterogeneity between studies, undertook subgroup analyses, assessed publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 32 eligible studies, conducted in 14 countries and including a total of 1,612,361 patients of all ages. Overall, GORD shows a weak association with asthma exacerbation (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.27; 95% CI 1.18\u20131.35). This association was observed in cohort, case\u2010control, and cross\u2010sectional designs and in European as well as non\u2010European populations. Subgroup analyses show that GORD is associated with frequent asthma exacerbations (\u22653 exacerbations, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.59; 95% CI 1.13\u20132.24) and with exacerbations needing oral corticosteroid therapy (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.24; 95% CI 1.09\u20131.41). GORD pediatric patients are at higher odds of asthma exacerbation than adults. We did not detect any evidence of publication bias and the association between GORD and asthma exacerbation held in all undertaken sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma exacerbation are weakly associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T04:42:48Z","timestamp":1630039368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma exacerbation: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Narmeen","family":"Mallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBER\u2010ESP)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Methodology and Statistics Unit Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS)  Vigo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia May","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco\u2010Javier","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Barcala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER\u2010ES)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahi","family":"Takkouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBER\u2010ESP)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA).Global strategy for asthma management and prevention updated 2021.https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/GINA\u20102021\u2010Main\u2010Report_FINAL_21_04_28\u2010WMS.pdf. Accessed May 25 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Contol and Prevention (CDC).Table 6\u20101 asthma attack prevalence percent among those with current asthma by age United States: National Health Interview Survey 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/asthma\/nhis\/2019\/table6\u20101.htm. Accessed May 25 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).2018 Healthcare use data.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/asthma\/healthcare\u2010use\/2018\/data.htm. Accessed May 25 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Global Asthma Network.The global asthma report 2018.http:\/\/globalasthmareport.org\/. Accessed May 25 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201062795\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.122465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00037905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2013.879881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533\u2010018\u20100103\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"WellsGA SheaB O'ConnellD et al.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses. Oxford.http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. Accessed June 7 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman KJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(00)00087-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ejcdt.ejcdt_190_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2017.1337787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010020\u20100749\u20101"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Insight into the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma","volume":"10","author":"Ates F","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.4.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30105-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-019-01043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199804000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9907072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200904\u20100625OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117645"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Measures of Disease Frequency","author":"Rothman KJ","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.13655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pai.13655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.13655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:29:41Z","timestamp":1692952181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pai.13655"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Genuneit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pai.13655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.13655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.13655\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13655"}}