{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1788210101637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005850","name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Asthma Network (GAN), by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, has updated trends in prevalence of symptoms of childhood allergic diseases, including non\u2010infective rhinitis and conjunctivitis (\u2018rhinoconjunctivitis\u2019), which is reported here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence and severity of rhinoconjunctivitis were assessed by questionnaire among schoolchildren in GAN Phase I and ISAAC Phase I and III surveys 15\u201323\u00a0years apart. Absolute rates of change in prevalence were estimated for each centre and modelled by multi\u2010level linear regression to compare trends by age group, time period and per capita national income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010seven GAN centres in 14 countries surveyed 74,361 13\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010olds (\u2018adolescents\u2019) and 45,434 6\u2010 to 7\u2010year\u2010olds (\u2018children\u2019), with average response proportions of 90% and 79%, respectively. Many centres showed highly significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) changes in prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year (\u2018current rhinoconjunctivitis\u2019) compared with ISAAC. The direction and magnitude of centre\u2010level trends varied significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) both within and between countries. Overall, current rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence decreased slightly from ISAAC Phase III to GAN: \u22121.32% per 10\u00a0years, 95% CI [\u22122.93%, +0.30%] among adolescents; and \u22120.44% [\u22121.29%, +0.42%] among children. Together, these differed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.001) from the upward trend within ISAAC. Among adolescents, centre\u2010level trends in current rhinoconjunctivitis were highly correlated with those for eczema symptoms (rho\u00a0=\u00a00.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.0001) but not with centre\u2010level trends in asthma symptoms (rho\u00a0=\u00a00.15,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.48). Among children, these correlations were positive but not significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptoms of non\u2010infective rhinoconjunctivitis among schoolchildren may no longer be on the increase globally, although trends vary substantially within and between countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T12:41:10Z","timestamp":1630154470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Worldwide time trends in prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: Global Asthma Network Phase I"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7854-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute St George\u2019s, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Innes","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Bissell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Yuan","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease  Paris France"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"El Sony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi\u2010Lab) for Public Health, Research and Development  Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eamon","family":"Ellwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Ellwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children\u2018s Hospital University of Murcia and IMIB Bio\u2010health Research Institute  Murcia Spain"},{"name":"ARADyAL Allergy Network Edificio Departamental\u2010Laib  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy B.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory &amp; 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