{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:48:13Z","timestamp":1791856093697,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AEC\u201085761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEC\u201085761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010148484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010148484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002722","name":"AllerGen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12CHILD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12CHILD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000233","name":"Genome British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["274 CHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274 CHI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cold friends\u201d hypothesis posits that reduced exposure to previously ubiquitous microorganisms is one factor involved in the increased rates of allergic diseases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be one of the \u201cold friends\u201d hypothesized to help prevent allergic diseases. We sought to elucidate whether early\u2010life CMV infection is associated with childhood atopy via perturbations of the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited from a population\u2010based birth cohort (CHILD study) and followed prospectively until age 5\u00a0years in four Canadian cities. A total of 928 participants provided stool microbiome data, urine for CMV testing, skin prick tests, and questionnaire\u2010based detailed environmental exposures. Cytomegalovirus infection was assessed in the first year of life while the main outcome was defined by persistent sensitization to any allergen at ages 1, 3, and 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early CMV infection was associated with increased beta and decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. Both changes in diversity measures and early CMV infection were associated with persistent allergic sensitization at age 5\u00a0years (aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.08; 95% CI: 1, 4.33). Mediation analysis demonstrated that perturbation of gut microbial composition explains 30% of the association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010life CMV infection is associated with an alteration in the intestinal microbiota, which mediates the effect of the infection on childhood atopy. This work indicates that preventing CMV infection would not put children at increased risk of developing atopy. Rather, a CMV vaccine, in addition to preventing CMV\u2010associated morbidity and mortality, might reduce the risk of childhood allergic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T04:53:17Z","timestamp":1630471997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Early\u2010life cytomegalovirus infection is associated with gut microbiota perturbations and increased risk of atopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hind","family":"Sbihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo J.","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piush J.","family":"Mandhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta  Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmaja","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlene L. Y.","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Brett","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-1065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart E.","family":"Turvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soren","family":"Gantt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al QC 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