{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:19Z","timestamp":1772160859252,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL129949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL129949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL149693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL149693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most pediatric studies of asthma and COVID\u201019 to date have been ecological, which offer limited insight. We evaluated the association between asthma and COVID\u201019 at an individual level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from prospective clinical registries, we conducted a nested case\u2010control study comparing three groups: children with COVID\u201019 and underlying asthma (\u201cA+C\u201d cases); children with COVID\u201019 without underlying disease (\u201cC+\u201d controls); and children with asthma without COVID\u201019 (\u201cA+\u201d controls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort included 142 A+C cases, 1110 C+ controls, and 140 A+ controls. A+C cases were more likely than C+ controls to present with dyspnea and wheezing, to receive pharmacologic treatment including systemic steroids (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.01), and to be hospitalized (4.9% vs. 1.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.01). In the adjusted analysis, A+C cases were nearly 4 times more likely to be hospitalized than C+ controls (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a03.95 [95%CI\u00a0=\u00a01.4\u201310.9]); however, length of stay and respiratory support level did not differ between groups. Among A+C cases, 8.5% presented with an asthma exacerbation and another 6.3% developed acute exacerbation symptoms shortly after testing positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Compared to historic A+ controls, A+C cases had less severe asthma, were less likely to be on controller medications, and had better asthma symptom control (all\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, asthma was a risk factor for hospitalization in children with COVID\u201019, but not for worse COVID\u201019 outcomes. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 does not seem to be a strong trigger for pediatric asthma exacerbations. Asthma severity was not associated with higher risk of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T10:05:25Z","timestamp":1636884325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Asthma as a risk factor for hospitalization in children with COVID\u201019: A nested case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Gaietto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan Culler","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leigh Anne","family":"DiCicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Rauenswinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Community Pediatrics  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Squire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Community Pediatrics  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Aldewereld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Iagnemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Community Pediatrics  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Campfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wolfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Community Pediatrics  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Traci M.","family":"Kazmerski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Forno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Pediatric Asthma Center UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-613RL"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"CDC.CDC COVID\u201019 Data Tracker. 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