{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:07:25Z","timestamp":1788617245013,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease in children. The development process of AR in early childhood, however, is not well understood. We prospectively investigated the process in regard to not only the nasal symptoms and sensitization but also the nasal cytology, in relation to recurrent wheeze in a high\u2010risk cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants under 2\u00a0years of age with atopic dermatitis (AD) and\/or food allergy (FA) symptoms were recruited and followed prospectively for 2\u00a0years. The phenotype of perennial AR was classified based on the presence\/absence of (1) persistent nasal symptoms, (2) nasal eosinophils, and (3) HDM sensitization, the most common allergen for perennial AR in Japan. AR\u2010like phenotypes were defined as positive for at least two of those three categories. High\u2010risk recurrent wheezer was diagnosed based on the Japanese guidelines and Global Initiative for Asthma. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for high\u2010risk recurrent wheeze and the AR\u2010like phenotype, adjusting for known covariate risk factors for asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 299 children were enrolled, and 237\u00a0subjects (78%) completed the 2\u2010year observation. The prevalence of eosinophilia in nasal secretions increased from 18.5% to 69.9%, while HDM\u2010specific IgE\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.35\u00a0kU\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L increased from 30.6% to 74.8%. AR\u2010like phenotypes increased from 18.4% to 65.0%. The AR\u2010like phenotype at 2\u00a0years was associated with development of high\u2010risk recurrent wheezer (HR 2.062; 95% CI 1.005\u20134.796).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of an HDM\u2010related AR\u2010like phenotype was markedly increased during infancy in infants with AD\/FA and was associated with high\u2010risk recurrent wheezer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T01:35:24Z","timestamp":1643765724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of allergic rhinitis in early life: A prospective cohort study in high\u2010risk infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sawako","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Allergy Center National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuho","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Allergy Center National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Allergy Center National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Nogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Allergy Center National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Tohda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine  Osaka\u2010Sayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Allergy Center National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital  Tsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Investigators of Kinki Hokuriku Airway Disease Conference (KiHAC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-017-0061-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555924447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma.Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.2021. 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