{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:07:49Z","timestamp":1791634069684,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Worldwide incidence and prevalence of both asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been increasing in past decades. Association between the two diseases has been found in some but not in other studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a meta\u2010analysis to verify such an association, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the potential cause\u2010effect relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception to February 1, 2021. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. Associations between single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms with childhood asthma and T1DM were selected based on genome\u2010wide association studies. The outcome datasets were obtained from FinnGen study. We used the inverse\u2010variance\u2010weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR\u2010Egger methods to estimate causal effects. To assess robustness and horizontal pleiotropy, MR\u2010Egger regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In meta\u2010analysis, childhood asthma was associated with an increased risk of T1DM (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.30, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.61,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.014), whereas T1DM was not associated with the risk of asthma (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.98, 95% CI 0.64\u20131.51,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.941; OR\u00a0=\u00a00.84, 95% CI 0.65\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.168). MR analysis indicated increased genetic risk of T1DM in children with asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.308; 95% CI 1.030\u20131.661;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.028). Analysis using the IVW method indicated no association between T1DM and genetic risk of asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.027, 95%CI 0.970\u20131.089,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.358).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both meta\u2010analysis and MR study suggested that childhood asthma was a risk factor for T1DM. No epidemiological or genetic evidence was found for an association of T1DM with asthma incidence. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better clinical and experimental research in asthma and T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T23:28:30Z","timestamp":1664148510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Childhood asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta\u2010analysis and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Junyang","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province  Guangzhou Guangdong 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