{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:49:39Z","timestamp":1788961779474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS\u2010C) is a rare, but severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). It develops approximately 4\u2009weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection and involves hyperinflammation with multisystem injury, commonly progressing to shock. The exact pathomechanism of MIS\u2010C is not known, but immunological dysregulation leading to cytokine storm plays a central role. In response to the emergence of MIS\u2010C, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) established a task force (TF) within the Immunology Section in May 2021. With the use of an online Delphi process, TF formulated clinical statements regarding immunological background of MIS\u2010C, diagnosis, treatment, follow\u2010up, and the role of COVID\u201019 vaccinations. MIS\u2010C case definition is broad, and diagnosis is made based on clinical presentation. The immunological mechanism leading to MIS\u2010C is unclear and depends on activating multiple pathways leading to hyperinflammation. Current management of MIS\u2010C relies on supportive care in combination with immunosuppressive and\/or immunomodulatory agents. The most frequently used agents are systemic steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Despite good overall short\u2010term outcome, MIS\u2010C patients should be followed\u2010up at regular intervals after discharge, focusing on cardiac disease, organ damage, and inflammatory activity. COVID\u201019 vaccination is a safe and effective measure to prevent MIS\u2010C. In anticipation of further research, we propose a convenient and clinically practical algorithm for managing MIS\u2010C developed by the Immunology Section of the EAACI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T06:13:54Z","timestamp":1672812834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pathogenesis, immunology, and immune\u2010targeted management of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS\u2010C) or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS): EAACI Position Paper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6613-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Feleszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy The Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw 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Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Thomayer University Hospital Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7730-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sediva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4946-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carles","family":"Bautista\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Services Royal Brompton Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London 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