{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:15:23Z","timestamp":1789683323026,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["258606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["258606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainion S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As n\u20103 long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and probiotics possess immunomodulatory properties, theoretically they could lower the risk of allergic diseases. But their effects remain controversial. We aimed to study the effects of fish oil and probiotics separately or in combination from early pregnancy onwards to lower the risk of allergic diseases in the infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this double\u2010blind trial, women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009439) in early pregnancies were randomized into four intervention groups: fish oil\u2009+\u2009placebo, probiotics\u2009+\u2009placebo, fish oil\u2009+\u2009probiotics, and placebo\u2009+\u2009placebo. Fish oil (1.9\u2009g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22\u2009g eicosapentaenoic acid) and probiotic (\n                      <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      HN001 and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp. lactis 420, 10\n                      <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                      colony\u2010forming units each) supplements were provided for daily consumption from randomization up to 6\u2009months postpartum. All analyses were adjusted with pet ownership.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No difference between the infants in the four intervention groups were found regarding physician\u2010diagnosed food allergy, atopic eczema, or atopy at the age of 12 or 24\u2009months (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05). The probiotic intervention was associated with lower odds of recurrent wheezing at 24\u2009months (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18\u20130.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.017), but not at 12\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of fish oil and\/or probiotics from early pregnancy onwards did not lower the odds of childhood allergic diseases or atopy, with the exception of the probiotic intervention which decreased the risk of recurrent wheezing when the infants were two years old. This suggests that the incidence of asthma could also decrease later in childhood and thus these outcomes need to be clarified in further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T09:59:10Z","timestamp":1692007150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Maternal fish oil and\/or probiotics intervention: Allergic diseases in children up to two years old"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1521-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miisa","family":"Komulainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotta","family":"Saros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tero","family":"Vahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merja","family":"Nermes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Functional Foods Forum University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.111104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-88"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Asthma: Current Care Guidelines.Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim the Finnish Respiratory Society the Finnish Pediatric Society the Finnish Pediatric Allergy Society and the Finnish Society of Clinical Physiology. 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