{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T06:40:11Z","timestamp":1770532811516,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021080","name":"Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021080","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some studies have reported that polyamine levels may influence immune system programming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polyamine profile during gestation and its associations with maternal allergy and cytokine production in cord blood cells in response to different allergenic stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyamines were determined in plasma of pregnant women (24\u2009weeks, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009674) and in umbilical cord samples (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009353 vein and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009160 artery) from the Mediterranean NELA birth cohort. Immune cell populations were quantified, and the production of cytokines in response to different allergic and mitogenic stimuli was assessed in cord blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spermidine and spermine were the most prevalent polyamines in maternal, cord venous, and cord arterial plasma. Maternal allergies, especially allergic conjunctivitis, were associated with lower spermine in umbilical cord vein. Higher levels of polyamines were associated with higher lymphocyte number but lower Th2\u2010related cells in cord venous blood. Those subjects with higher levels of circulating polyamines in cord showed lower production of inflammatory cytokines, especially IFN\u2010\u03b1, and lower production of Th2\u2010related cytokines, mainly IL\u20104 and IL\u20105. The effects of polyamines on Th1\u2010related cytokines production were uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spermidine and spermine are the predominant polyamines in plasma of pregnant women at mid\u2010pregnancy and also in umbilical cord. Maternal allergic diseases like allergic conjunctivitis are related to lower levels of polyamines in cord vein, which could influence the immune response of the newborn. Cord polyamine content is related to a decreased Th2 response and inflammatory cytokines production, which might be important to reduce an allergenic phenotype in the neonate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T09:43:02Z","timestamp":1718098982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasma polyamines during pregnancy and their relationships with maternal allergies and the immune response of the neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5023-7442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"G\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB\u2010Arrixaca)  Murcia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Murcia  Murcia 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