{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:22:46Z","timestamp":1791829366971,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The spectrum of non\u2010IgE mediated conditions includes well\u2010defined conditions like Food Protein\u2010Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES), Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE), Food Protein\u2010Induced Enteropathy, and Food Protein\u2010Induced Allergic Proctocolitis, but also the more controversial food protein\u2010induced dysmotility disorders like food protein\u2010induced gastroesophageal reflux disease (FPGORD) and food protein\u2010induced constipation (FPC). Typically, non\u2010IgE mediated reactions are delayed, with symptom onset from hours to days after exposure to a culprit food. The diagnosis is mostly clinical, and food elimination followed by reintroduction is the primary diagnostic method. Apart from EoE, the diagnosis of these conditions remains challenging, and there is a need to develop specific diagnostic tests. Acute FPIES presents with distinct symptoms, but misdiagnosis is common due to poor recognition. In contrast, some presentations, particularly FPGORD and FPC, overlap with the common, often benign disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction, previously known as functional gastrointestinal disorders. This raises concerns about overdiagnosis and can lead to an unnecessary restrictive diet in infants and breastfeeding mothers. A systematic approach to an elimination diet and the support of a registered dietitian\/nutritionist are recommended to ensure nutritional adequacy, suitable alternatives, promote timely introductions when appropriate, support breastfeeding where required as well as prevent nutritional deficiencies and feeding difficulties. This publication aims to provide an update on the spectrum of non\u2010IgE\u2010mediated food allergic conditions and intends to provide clinicians with practical guidance on the diagnosis and management of each condition. The authors acknowledge the need for further research in a range of areas to inform best evidence\u2010based practice.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/pai70060-fig-0002-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T10:01:52Z","timestamp":1742464912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An update on the diagnosis and management of non\u2010IgE\u2010mediated food allergies in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rosan","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Winchester University  Winchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Cianferoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vazquez\u2010Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15889","article-title":"Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: adapted to modern needs: an EAACI position paper","volume":"78","author":"Jutel M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S284825","article-title":"Perspectives on non\u2010IgE\u2010mediated gastrointestinal food allergy in pediatrics: a review of current evidence and guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Al\u2010Iede M","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14163","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy Induced Constipation in young children \u2013 an EAACI position 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