{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:54:32Z","timestamp":1772160872757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Newborns under 6\u2009months of age are at high risk of hospitalization for acute respiratory failure following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Herein, we analyzed neonatal protection against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 passively acquired after mother vaccination and\/or infection (hybrid immunity).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled seventy\u2010eight newborns of immunized mothers against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 before or during pregnancy, through vaccination and\/or infection. Infants were stratified based on the anamnestic lack (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Vaccinated \u2013 SV)\/presence (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infected and Vaccinated \u2013 SIV) of COVID\u201019 maternal infection. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific Neutralizing Activity (NA) in plasma was assessed by virus neutralization assay (vNTA) against the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron strain at delivery (T0), 3 and 6\u2009months after birth (T3 and T6). Cytokine and chemokine profiles in newborns were also analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At birth, significantly lower NA was observed in infants of SV compared to that of SIV mothers; NA declined equally in both groups 3\u2009months after delivery. The presence of at least 4 immunizing events in the mother significantly enhances the NA against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in newborns, regardless of the type of immunization (vaccination or hybrid immunity) and of the timing of the last maternal immunization. Finally, cytokines and chemokines plasma levels were high at birth in all newborns, followed by a decline over the subsequent month.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that, independently of a previous SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection or vaccination, it is reasonable to upgrade the recommendation of a booster dose during pregnancy to a \u201cstrongly recommended\u201d status, with a view to conferring protection to newborns in the first months after delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:29:54Z","timestamp":1744198194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Short\u2010lived neutralizing activity against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in newborns of immunized mothers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Stracuzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4490-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Vanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milan  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Univeristy of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Garziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Univeristy of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maida","family":"Micheloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST 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