{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:27:00Z","timestamp":1787066820529,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity response to the allergens of\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is the most frequently isolated fungus from the sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Because a low number of Th17 lymphocytes is associated with the risk of fungal infections, we investigated inflammatory markers, Th17 cells, and T\u2010cell polarization in CF patients with ABPA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed the levels of inflammatory markers, blood counts, chemokines, cytokines, and T cell subsets in blood and sputum of CF subjects to elucidate the immunological factors associated with CF patients with\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (AF) positive sputum (AFS\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) or with ABPA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed that AFS+ patients have higher sputum and blood IL\u20106 levels than AF\u2010negative sputum (AFS\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) patients. Analysis of blood memory T\u2010helper subsets associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 polarization among circulating CD45RA\u2212\/CD4+ memory T\u2010cell subsets showed higher numbers of CCR4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CCR6\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CXCR3\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CCR4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CCR6\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CXCR3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      memory CD4 cells in AFS+ compared to AFS\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      subjects. Further analysis of Th17\u2010related subsets and IL\u201017 secreting T cells in subjects with AFS+ showed that those with ABPA have statistically significantly lower levels of Th17 cells as compared to those without ABPA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In CF, AF airway colonization is associated with increased blood counts of Th17\u2010related subsets. However, CF patients with ABPA exhibit lower numbers of CCR4+\/CCR6+\/CXCR3+ memory CD4 cells and IL\u201017\u2010secreting CD4 cells compared to control subjects and CF patients without AF sensitization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T11:18:33Z","timestamp":1744802313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low Th17 cells in patients with cystic fibrosis and allergic broncho\u2010pulmonary aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Silviana","family":"Timpano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cystic Fibrosis Centre ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia  Brescia 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