{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1788967867116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether mannose\u2010binding lectin (MBL) insufficiency influences the airway microbiota composition and development of subsequent recurrent wheezing in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven infants who were hospitalized during an initial episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis at 6\u2009months of age or less were included in the study and followed up until the age of 3\u2009years. Serum and sputum samples were collected. The serum MBL concentrations were determined by ELISA; the sputum microbiota and cytokines were analyzed by 16S rRNA\u2010based sequencing and multiplex immunoassay, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010six infants developed recurrent wheezing by the age of 3\u2009years, and 41 did not. The rate of MBL insufficiency was significantly higher among infants who developed recurrent wheezing compared to those who did not [50.0% (13\/26) vs. 24.4% (10\/41), (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.031)]. MBL insufficiency was independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent development of recurrent wheezing (adjusted Odds Ratio: 3.5, 95% CI 1.1\u201312.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.035).\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found to be the most discriminative genus between infants with and without MBL insufficiency (LDA &gt;4.0). The level of INF\u2010\u03b3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.019) in infants with MBL insufficiency was significantly lower than that among infants with normal MBL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the first episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis in infants &lt;6\u2009months of age, MBL insufficiency was associated with a higher risk of developing subsequent recurrent wheezing by age three. Infants with MBL insufficiency were more likely to be colonized with\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and have weaker airway IFN\u2010\u03b3 response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:36:56Z","timestamp":1754041016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mannose\u2010binding lectin insufficiency is associated with airway\n                    <i>Haemophilus<\/i>\n                    colonization and a higher risk of post\u2010RSV bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3779-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiushui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Centre for Infections and Immunity University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre University of Turku  Turku 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