{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:23:06Z","timestamp":1784193786659,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 prevention policies significantly influenced the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases. While lockdown measures in many countries reduced asthma exacerbations by limiting exposure to respiratory infections and environmental triggers, Taiwan's non\u2010lockdown strategy provided a unique public health model. This study evaluates the impact of Taiwan's COVID\u201019 prevention policies on the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in early adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected 1519 questionnaires in 2021 and 1165 in 2023 from urban elementary schools. Self\u2010reported data on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were analyzed to assess changes in prevalence and severity. Comparisons were made between the two periods to determine the effects of public health measures on adolescent allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, our survey showed that 3% of participants had wheezing in the past 12\u2009months, and 16.3% experienced nighttime cough. By 2023, both wheezing and nighttime cough significantly increased, along with a rise in rhinitis ever. In contrast, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis ever declined, as did the prevalence of recurrent eczema in the past 12\u2009months over this period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taiwan's non\u2010lockdown COVID\u201019 prevention strategy was associated with divergent trends in allergic diseases among early adolescents. Between 2021 and 2023, the prevalence of wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased, while atopic dermatitis and recurrent eczema declined. These findings suggest that pandemic\u2010related behavioral changes, including mask\u2010wearing and social distancing, may have influenced both respiratory and skin\u2010related allergic conditions, highlighting the need to evaluate a broad range of health outcomes when assessing the impact of public health interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:53:03Z","timestamp":1754041983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of COVID\u201019 prevention policies on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in early adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8162-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun\u2010Hua","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin\u2010Chu Branch  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u2010Kuo","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin\u2010Chu Branch  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Chieh","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6705-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bor\u2010Luen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical Research National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6266-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao\u2010Hsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15992"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID\u201019 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211019854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000535648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2022.06.001"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"752","article-title":"Rebound in asthma exacerbations following relaxation of COVID\u201019 restrictions: a longitudinal population\u2010based study (COVIDENCE UK)","volume":"78","author":"Tydeman F","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"22","volume-title":"White Paper on Taiwan's Epidemic Prevention Policy in Post\u2010COVID\u201019 Era","author":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2023.100794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06461-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.101997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2904.221497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00525-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29402-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02866-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-024-00360-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2021.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12091267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-017-0176-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834ecc4e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000464324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80054-4"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.70164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:31:40Z","timestamp":1760556700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pai.70164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pai.70164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.70164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70164"}}