{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:02:35Z","timestamp":1777546955630,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high burden of peanut allergy underscores the need for treatment options that improve patient health\u2010related quality of life (HRQL). However, the modifying effect of sex assigned at birth on treatment\u2010related outcomes remains poorly understood. We sought to investigate whether sex modifies treatment effect on the change in overall and subdomain HRQL during the PPOIT\u2010003 trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PPOIT\u2010003 was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial in 201 children with peanut allergy (aged 1\u201310) allocated to combined probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT), peanut oral immunotherapy alone (OIT), or placebo. Participant HRQL was measured with the Food Allergy Quality of Life\u2013Parent Form (FAQLQ\u2010PF) at baseline, end\u2010of\u2010treatment, and 12 months post\u2010treatment. Multivariable linear regression with an interaction term was used to investigate the relationship between treatment and HRQL in males (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009128, 63.68%) and females (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200973, 36.32%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sex\u2010modification of total FAQLQ\u2010PF scores was present between baseline to end of 12\u2009month follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.008). In this time, improvement in FAQLQ\u2010PF scores was significantly better in active compared to placebo groups for males (PPOIT vs. Placebo: \u22121.003 [95% CI: \u22121.571, \u22120.436]; OIT vs. Placebo: \u22121.250 [95% CI: \u22121.805, \u22120.695]), but not for females where improvement also occurred in the placebo group (PPOIT vs. Placebo: \u22120.148 [95% CI: \u22120.914, 0.617]; OIT vs. Placebo: 0.252 [95% CI: \u22120.547, 1.052]). Separate analysis of study phases revealed sex effect modification was greater during treatment than during post\u2010treatment follow\u2010up in domains related to food anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.037) and emotional impact of allergy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.063).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex modifies HRQL outcomes during peanut OIT. Greater understanding of the biological and psychosocial drivers of post\u2010treatment HRQL will facilitate personalized management approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T07:49:45Z","timestamp":1755848985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex assigned at birth may modify health\u2010related quality of life in children treated with peanut oral immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1810-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie A.","family":"Rosser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Allergy Centre of Excellence (NACE)  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3889-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9474-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paxton","family":"Loke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash Children's Hospital Monash Health  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department Perth Children's Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, Medical School The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide  North Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mimi L. 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