{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:52:42Z","timestamp":1787849562103,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2706101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2706101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2703101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2703101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies (ALPIDs) who exhibit autoimmune cytopenias are frequently diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), or Evans syndrome (ES). These conditions generally necessitate long\u2010term immunosuppressive therapy using medications that are often ineffective and highly toxic before the diagnosis of ALPIDs. A less harmful treatment strategy is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we described 23 pediatric patients whose initial symptom was autoimmune cytopenias and who were treated with sirolimus as monotherapy (1.5\u20134\u2009years) upon being diagnosed with ALPIDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with ALPIDs achieved a sustainable response in immune\u2010related cytopenias and lymphoproliferation manifestations within 3\u2009months of sirolimus monotherapy. The complete response (CR) rate for cytopenias was higher compared to lymphoproliferative manifestations. Thrombocytopenia achieved CR more quickly than anemia and neutropenia. Following sirolimus treatment, there was an increase in the proportion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs and serum TGF\u2010\u03b2, while a significant reduction in the DNT ratio was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sirolimus resulted in CR and long\u2010lasting responses in most pediatric ALPIDs patients, suggesting it could be considered as a first line for patients requiring prolonged therapy. The increase in Tregs and decrease in DNT after sirolimus treatment may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of sirolimus in ALPIDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T05:08:35Z","timestamp":1756876115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of sirolimus for early on\u2010set autoimmune cytopenias of autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4278-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Hematology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huawei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects  Beijing 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