{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:48:47Z","timestamp":1782204527476,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin prick testing (SPT) is a cornerstone diagnostic procedure for identifying allergic sensitizations in children. Despite being minimally invasive, it often provokes considerable anxiety, fear, and pain, potentially compromising test accuracy due to poor compliance. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising non\u2010pharmacological tool for procedural distress management, yet its application in allergy diagnostics remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of VR in reducing procedural anxiety, fear, and pain, and improving compliance in children undergoing SPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010center, cross\u2010over interventional study enrolled 108 children (aged 4\u201318\u2009years) with suspected or confirmed environmental or food allergies. Each participant underwent two SPT sessions: one with immersive VR distraction and one using standard\u2010of\u2010care (SOC) distraction methods, separated by a 6\u2010month washout period. Outcomes were assessed using validated scales for anxiety (Children's Anxiety Meter), fear (Children's Fear Scale), pain (Wong\u2010Baker FACES), and procedural compliance (modified Induction Compliance Checklist). Physiological parameters and staff satisfaction were also recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VR significantly reduced anxiety, fear, and pain compared to SOC across multiple time points, with marked improvements in compliance (100% full compliance in the VR group vs. 0% in SOC) and staff satisfaction. No adverse events were reported, confirming the safety of VR in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VR is a safe and effective tool for minimizing procedural distress and enhancing compliance in children undergoing SPT. Its integration into routine allergy diagnostics may improve patient experience and procedural success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:24:08Z","timestamp":1761985448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing anxiety, fear, and pain in children undergoing skin prick testing: A crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Nocerino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"NutriTechLab, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bedogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum\u2010University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care Internal Medicine Unit Addressed to Frailty and Aging, \u201cS. 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