{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:09:45Z","timestamp":1777622985385,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hazelnut oral immunotherapy (H\u2010OIT) is a promising treatment for hazelnut allergy (HA). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of H\u2010OIT in a pediatric population, while describing its clinical and allergy characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children undergoing H\u2010OIT at our tertiary pediatric hospital Allergy Unit between April 2015 and December 2024 were enrolled. Demographic and clinical features, allergy test results and information on H\u2010OIT were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      124 patients (58.1% male; median age 8.5\u2009years) were enrolled, 73 (58.9%) aged &lt;4\u2009years. The most common presenting symptom was urticaria\/angioedema (75, 60.5%), followed by anaphylaxis (54, 43.5%). 54\/124 (43.5%) reached the protocol's target maintenance dose within a median time of 24\u2009months, 31\/124 (25.0%) remained on a lower, partial maintenance dose at a median tolerated dose of 1000\u2009mg of ground hazelnut. The treatment discontinuation rate was 31.5%, with over half (53.9%) due to loss to follow\u2010up. 102\/124 (82.3%) developed a reaction during H\u2010OIT (72.5% resolved spontaneously, 14.7% occurred at home), of which 9 anaphylaxis (8.8%); only one required adrenaline, and two occurred at home because of a cofactor. Statistically significant reductions in the prick\u2010by\u2010prick (PbP) test diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Cor a 14 IgE levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) were observed. A positive family history of atopy was associated with lower odds of completing H\u2010OIT (odds ratio 0.221, 95% confidence interval 0.055\u20130.895,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>H\u2010OIT may be an effective treatment option for children with HA despite the high discontinuation rate. One quarter of patients remained on a lower, partial maintenance dose. Although the overall safety profile of H\u2010OIT seems acceptable, anaphylactic events represent a significant burden for families and must be carefully considered when weighing the risks and benefits of OIT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:59:13Z","timestamp":1772999953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hazelnut oral immunotherapy in children: An Italian single\u2010center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5598-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Barni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1387-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8661-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Della Femina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5633-9025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Catamer\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2071-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Valleriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-6882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Giovannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Liccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7177-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.14132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.111821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.70009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09108-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.12.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02390-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v49i3.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"Emergency Treatment of Anaphylaxis Guidelines for Healthcare Providers Working Group of Resuscitation Council UK.2021.www.resus.org.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.886551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v11.i2.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32996\/jmhs.2023.4.4.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1272851"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.70287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pai.70287","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.70287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:34:03Z","timestamp":1777415643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pai.70287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pai.70287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.70287","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70287"}}