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As a result, pediatric immune responses can be implicated in many diseases including food allergy (FA). This study leveraged publicly available single\u2010cell RNA\u2010sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) data from eight clinical studies analyzing peripheral blood mononuclear cells\u00a0to develop a pediatric single\u2010cell reference atlas from 57 individuals. The atlas was used to investigate cellular heterogeneity between healthy children, characterize CD4+ T cells, and CD4+ T cell sub\u2010type specific responses associated with age and allergy. Seven CD4+ T cell subclusters were identified and annotated, a unique subset of cytotoxic Th2\u2010like cells was enriched for both peanut\u2010 and egg\u2010allergic gene signatures.\u00a0Cluster\u2010specific age\u2010associated signatures were identified using multi\u2010variate regression models revealing enrichment of metabolic pathways during early\u2010life. FA gene signatures were identified using bulk and scRNA\u2010seq data and were compared across studies using the developed reference. Finally, Random Forest models were developed to investigate the predictive role of innate immune cells in CD4+ T cell regulation revealing TLR\/NOD pathway activities in monocytes associated with gut\u2010 and skin\u2010homing Th2 cells. Thus, this study provides a robust single\u2010cell reference atlas of healthy children for pediatric research and further demonstrates three applications of the atlas through cellular mapping and identification of gene signatures in the context of FA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T01:51:08Z","timestamp":1776995468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a pediatric immune cell atlas and characterization of\n                    <scp>CD4<\/scp>\n                    + T cells in food allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Natalie M.","family":"Vance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York 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