{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:05:06Z","timestamp":1791893106109,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) usually exhibits a mild clinical course in children, concerns remain regarding persistent airway dysfunction after recovery. This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in children following mild COVID\u201019 infection and to compare the findings with those of healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cross\u2010sectional study, children aged 6\u201318\u2009years with polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed COVID\u201019 infection were identified retrospectively from February 2022 and evaluated prospectively between June and December 2022. Fifty\u2010eight post\u2010COVID\u201019 patients and 56 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls were included, and their demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. PFTs were assessed using impulse oscillometry (IOS) followed by spirometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no significant differences in demographic and anthropometric measurements between the post\u2010COVID\u201019 group and the healthy controls. In terms of IOS measurements, zR5 and R5\u201020 (reflecting airway resistance) were higher and zX5 and zX20 (reflecting airway reactance) were lower in the post\u2010COVID\u201019 group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.006,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001, respectively). No significant differences were observed in spirometric parameters, including zFEV1, zFVC, zFEV1\/FVC, and zFEF25\u201375. Notably, three patients exhibited persistent cough and dyspnea after COVID\u201019, had FEV1 values &lt;90% predicted, positive bronchodilator reversibility, and inhalant allergen sensitization despite having no prior history of asthma or allergic rhinitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children recovering from mild COVID\u201019 infection may exhibit persistent airway dysfunction detectable by IOS despite normal spirometric findings. IOS appears to be a sensitive tool for identifying subclinical airway involvement in children following COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T02:56:41Z","timestamp":1778036201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medium\u2010term pulmonary outcomes (&lt;6\u2009months) after pediatric COVID\u201019 infection evaluated using impulse oscillometry and spirometry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simge","family":"Atar Bese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University School of Medicine  Afyonkarahisar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Mercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Osmaniye State Hospital  Osmaniye Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9464-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep G\u00fclec","family":"Koksal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Etlik City Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soner Sertan","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcne\u015f","family":"Ozcolpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0288-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu","family":"Erge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01341-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-642ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"2479","article-title":"Lung function in children and adolescents after COVID\u201019 infection: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"57","author":"Bottino I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","article-title":"Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)","volume":"58","author":"Society of Pediatrics Chinese Medical Association; Editorial Board Chinese Journal of Pediatrics","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.621019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.851008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00753-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/SEMB.2022.36047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-022-04275-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01754-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-022-04275-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","article-title":"Evidence of lung function impairment assessed by oscillometry in children with post\u2010COVID condition","volume":"60","author":"Buonsenso D","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.70347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pai.70347","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pai.70347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:42:38Z","timestamp":1791891758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pai.70347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pai.70347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pai.70347","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.70347\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.70347\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/PAI.70347\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70347"}}