{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:35Z","timestamp":1791893195675,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 1046036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 1046036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 2015724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 2015724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013407","name":"Medela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020265","name":"Stan Perron Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast milk ovalbumin concentrations have been measured with considerable inter\u2010individual variation. Body mass index (BMI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in humans, and fish oil supplementation in pigs, have been associated with breast milk protein concentrations. This study aimed to identify whether breast milk ovalbumin concentrations are associated with these maternal characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of data collected during a randomized trial. Breast milk ovalbumin concentrations were measured in 66 atopic women 2\u20136\u2009h after consumption of one egg at 2, 4, and 6\u2009weeks of lactation. Associations between ovalbumin concentrations and maternal characteristics (BMI, GDM and fish oil supplementation during pregnancy) were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with GDM (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096) had higher ovalbumin concentrations at 2\u2009weeks of lactation (median\u2009=\u20090.87 [IQR 0.27\u20132.17] ng\/mL) compared to participants without GDM (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200960, median\u2009=\u20090.15 [IQR 0.05\u20130.67] ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.03). Participants who consumed fish oil supplements during pregnancy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916) had higher ovalbumin concentrations at 4\u2009weeks (median\u2009=\u20090.39 [IQR 0.07\u20131.20] ng\/mL) and 6\u2009weeks (median\u2009=\u20090.29 [IQR 0.15\u20130.86] ng\/mL) compared to those who did not (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950, median\u2009=\u20090.05 [IQR 0.05\u20130.44] ng\/mL at 4\u2009weeks,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01; and 0.05 [IQR 0.05\u20130.40] ng\/mL at 6\u2009weeks,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01). Pre\u2010pregnancy BMI was not associated with ovalbumin concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM and pregnancy fish oil supplementation were associated with higher breast milk ovalbumin concentrations. Future, larger studies should further investigate associations between these maternal characteristics and breast milk food protein concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1778732676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal characteristics associated with ovalbumin concentrations in breast milk"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1570-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"ABREAST Network  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"ABREAST Network  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna T.","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"ABREAST Network  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2498-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debra J.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine The 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