{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T06:22:07Z","timestamp":1794205327242,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006120","name":"Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal timing for introducing complementary foods remains under debate. Although guidelines generally recommend introducing solids around 4\u20136\u2009months of age, evidence linking timing to later food allergy remains inconsistent. We evaluated associations between age at food introduction, caregiver\u2010reported food\u2010related allergic symptoms, and allergen\u2010specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels up to 6\u2009years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS; 2011\u20132014), a nationwide birth cohort, we analyzed caregiver\u2010reported food\u2010related allergic symptoms in 63,693 children and allergen\u2010specific IgE levels in a subcohort of 2964 children. Logistic regression assessed associations between timing of food introduction and reported symptoms, and multiple regression evaluated associations with IgE titers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Introduction of certain foods at \u226513\u2009months was associated with higher odds of caregiver\u2010reported food\u2010related allergic symptoms, particularly for egg and wheat (egg: aOR 5.69; wheat: aOR 26.69). Some associations were also observed for soy, fish and rice, although estimates were unstable in small subgroups. Children not introduced to egg or milk by 12\u201313\u2009months had higher egg white\u2013 and cow's milk\u2013specific IgE levels at 2, 4, and 6\u2009years. No significant associations were observed for fruit, shellfish, buckwheat, or peanuts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed introduction of selected foods beyond 12\u201313\u2009months was associated with higher odds of caregiver\u2010reported food\u2010related allergic symptoms and, for measured allergens, elevated IgE levels. Given the observational design and questionnaire\u2010based outcomes, findings should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/pai70368-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:19:41Z","timestamp":1778829581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Timing of food introduction and food\u2010related allergic symptoms in childhood: Evidence from the Japan environment and Children's study (\n                    <scp>JECS<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3124-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Nakatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshie","family":"Nishigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima 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