{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:36Z","timestamp":1791893196348,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity in preschool children, particularly in those with recurrent wheezing. Natural compounds such as resveratrol and carboxymethyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010glucan have shown immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti\u2010inflammatory activity, supporting their potential role in preventing pediatric airway infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Linfovir\u00ae, a nasal spray containing resveratrol and carboxymethyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010glucan, in reducing respiratory infectious symptoms in preschool children with recurrent respiratory infections and wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial enrolled children aged 2\u20136\u2009years with a history of recurrent respiratory infections. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive Linfovir\u00ae or placebo once daily for 12\u2009weeks, with follow\u2010up at 16\u2009weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes including days with respiratory symptoms, number of infections, antibiotic courses, and medical visits were recorded via the VIRAPP\u00ae electronic diary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010two children were included in the Full Analysis Set. The primary endpoint was not statistically significant. However, a numerical reduction in days with respiratory symptoms was observed in the resveratrol\/\u03b2\u2010glucan nasal spray group compared with placebo (15.0 vs. 20.4\u2009days in the FAS population), corresponding to an approximate 26% relative difference. Similar non\u2010significant patterns favoring the intervention were observed for infectious episodes, antibiotic courses, and medical visits. Treatment adherence was high in both groups, and no serious adverse events occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot randomized controlled trial, the resveratrol\/\u03b2\u2010glucan nasal spray was safe and well tolerated. Although the study did not show a statistically significant effect on the primary endpoint, the observed numerical differences consistently favored the intervention. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis\u2010generating and require confirmation in larger adequately powered studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:38:35Z","timestamp":1779287915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating a resveratrol\/\u03b2\u2010glucan nasal spray for preventing respiratory symptoms in preschool children with recurrent wheezing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9513-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Indolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania \u2018Luigi Vanvitelli\u2019  Naples 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