{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:09:46Z","timestamp":1788844186875,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Maternal diabetes disrupts fetal lung development. This study aimed to compare cord blood adipokines and neonatal respiratory function tests (RFTs) in healthy neonates of diabetic mothers versus controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective cohort study involved term, healthy newborns born to diabetic mothers (NDM group,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200937) and sex\u2010 and age\u2010matched healthy controls (NHC group,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200940). RFTs were performed at 48\u2009h of life using tidal breath analysis (TBA). The assessed parameters included time to peak tidal expiratory flow (TPTEF), the ratio of TPTEF to total expiratory time (TPTEF\/TE), the ratio of volume to peak expiratory flow to total expiratory volume (VPTEF\/VE), reflecting early airway mechanics. Low respiratory function was defined as TPTEF\/TE below 35%. Cord blood adipokines including leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The NDM group exhibited lower TPTEF, TPTEF\/TE, and VPTEF\/VE ratio TBA parameters (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001 for all). Cord blood leptin levels were higher in the NDM group, while ghrelin and adiponectin levels were lower (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.002,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001 respectively). Ghrelin levels were positively correlated with TPTEF (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.231,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.043), TPTEF\/TE (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.264,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.020), and VPTEF\/VE (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.236,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.038). Decision tree analysis identified ghrelin as the primary discriminator of low RFTs, with an accuracy of 74%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Clinically healthy term infants born to diabetic mothers exhibit measurable impairments in RFTs at birth, accompanied by altered cord blood adipokine profiles, suggesting a potential role for adipokines as early biomarkers of respiratory vulnerability.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:25:27Z","timestamp":1780287927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subclinical respiratory dysfunction in neonates born to diabetic mothers and its association with cord blood adipokines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simge","family":"Atar Bese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Afyonkarahisar T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulten","family":"Tuncerler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cihangir","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0077-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur","family":"Torer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7542-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyhan","family":"Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8247-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pelin","family":"Ozdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niyazi Alper","family":"Seyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9325-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge","family":"Cevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan Menderes University Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu","family":"Erge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine Aydin Adnan 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