{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:07:47Z","timestamp":1788840467009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010408","name":"Polpharma Scientific Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/XIX\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/XIX\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010408","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Predicting the course of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and assessing the clinical relevance of IgE\u2010mediated sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) in preschool children remain challenging. We aimed to identify early clinical characteristics of HDM\u2010induced allergic rhinitis (AR\u2010HDM) in preschoolers and to determine predictors of CRS persistence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a 5\u2010year prospective follow\u2010up of a well\u2010defined multi\u2010omics cohort of 133 children aged 4\u20138\u2009years with CRS symptoms, with or without IgE\u2010mediated sensitization to HDM. We developed a multivariate logistic regression model with clinical and multi\u2010omics variables assessed at preschool age to predict CRS persistence and AR\u2010HDM diagnosis at school age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 117 children who completed the 5\u2010year follow\u2010up, CRS persisted in 35%. Higher baseline SN\u20105 (Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey) scores (&gt;3.6 points) significantly increased the risk of persistent CRS (OR\u2009=\u20093.41; 95% CI: 1.50\u20137.76;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003). ILC\u20102 cells were detected more frequently in nasal samples from preschool children with persistent CRS. Independent predictors of AR\u2010HDM included a history of food allergy in infancy (OR\u2009=\u20093.87; 1.10\u201313.60; 0.034) and prominent allergic symptoms at baseline (allergy\u2010related SN\u20105 domain ratio \u226521%), (OR\u2009=\u20093.96; 1.20\u201313.10; 0.025). The combined presence of these factors additionally improves the prediction of AR\u2010HDM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher SN\u20105 score and presence of ILC\u20102 in the nasal mucosa increase the risk of persistence of CRS. The co\u2010occurrence of a relatively higher allergy domain of SN\u20105 score and a history of food allergy facilitates prediction of HDM allergy in preschoolers, enabling the timely initiation of allergen immunotherapy in allergic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      Identifier: NCT03011632\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/pai70416-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:45:42Z","timestamp":1783525542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting the course of chronic rhinosinusitis in young children\u20145\u2010year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141.","family":"Dobrakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Medical University of Lodz  Lodz 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