{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:09:31Z","timestamp":1789603771904,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The nasal microbiome's role in predicting sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear.\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n , a\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n genus linked to respiratory inflammation, is a promising candidate biomarker.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n dynamics as a potential predictor of SLIT response in children with moderate\u2013severe AR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this prospective cohort, 63 children with AR and 40 healthy controls (CG) were enrolled. AR patients were stratified by disease severity (mild [MAR] vs. moderate\u2013severe [MSAR]), with MSAR patients receiving 1\u2010year standardized house dust mite SLIT. Based on >20% reduction in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), patients were classified as responders (RG,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200925) or non\u2010responders (NRG,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200915). Nasal microbiome was profiled via 16S rDNA sequencing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to CG, AR children showed increased alpha diversity (Chao1,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05; Shannon,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01) and enrichment of\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n . MSAR patients had significantly higher\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n abundance, particularly\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n , compared to MAR (LDA score >4,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). After SLIT, RG patients showed normalized microbial evenness (Pielou E index) to CG levels, driven by marked\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n depletion (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). In contrast, NRG patients maintained high\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n abundance.\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n showed strong positive correlation (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.68,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001), with both decreasing in RG post\u2010SLIT.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Elevated nasal\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n is associated with AR severity, and its depletion correlates with SLIT efficacy.\n Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n may serve as a clinically actionable microbial biomarker for monitoring SLIT response in pediatric AR, offering a novel precision medicine approach to allergen immunotherapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:20:36Z","timestamp":1784784036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Haemophilus<\/i>\n abundance is associated with response to sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Zhi\u2010Pan","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian\u2010Qian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 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