{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:00:52Z","timestamp":1790359252406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The 2020 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 lockdown in Ireland was among the most stringent in Europe. The CORAL (Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Allergic and Autoimmune Dysregulation in Infants Born during Lockdown) study was developed to investigate early\u2010life allergic outcomes in an altered environment. At 2\u2009years we showed lower food allergy and higher atopic dermatitis rates. The current report reassesses this same cohort at 5\u2009years to evaluate whether early pandemic\u2010related trends were transient or represented enduring alterations in childhood allergy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This longitudinal observational study assessed outcomes at 5\u2009years. Clinical assessments included evaluation of atopic dermatitis, skin prick testing for food and aeroallergens, and collection of stool and blood samples. Parent\u2010completed questionnaires collected data on environmental and household exposures, allergic and respiratory outcomes, and healthcare use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Aeroallergen sensitisation increased from 8.9% at 2\u2009years to 24% at 5\u2009years (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). Sensitisation strongly predicted allergic rhinitis symptoms (OR 5.68,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). Parent\u2010reported wheeze was unchanged between 2\u2009years (23.8%) and 5\u2009years (22.1%) and strongly associated with asthma diagnosis (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200933.0,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). Wheeze occurred predominantly in children with a recent infection. Most atopic dermatitis had resolved and food allergy remained uncommon at 5\u2009years of age.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study provides the first longitudinal evaluation of pandemic\u2010associated early\u2010life exposures and atopic outcomes in children. Our findings suggest that pandemic\u2010associated early\u2010life environmental changes may have selectively modified food allergy risk, while the overall pattern of allergic disease remained broadly consistent with the accepted evolution of allergic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:07:18Z","timestamp":1789578438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atopic outcomes at 5\u2009years in the\n CORAL<\/scp>\n cohort born during the 2020\n COVID<\/scp>\n \u201019 lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5531-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anitha","family":"Sokay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6127-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinead","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Iatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Verdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3968-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Crupper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Children's Health Ireland Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4705-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"O'Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"O'B Hourihane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health Royal College of Surgeons Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Children's Health Ireland Dublin 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