{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:52:00Z","timestamp":1791273120393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42371429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Childhood allergic diseases often coexist, but phenotype\u2010based evidence that includes food and drug allergy remains limited. The study aimed to derive potential allergic comorbidity phenotypes across five allergic diseases (eczema, rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and drug allergy) and examine associations between identified phenotypic clusters and associated health outcomes in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study, 18,371 children and adolescents aged 3\u201314\u2009years were enrolled from Beijing and Tangshan. Parent\u2010reported physician diagnoses of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma, together with questionnaire\u2010based food and drug allergy, were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA). Multinomial and binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with allergic phenotype membership and to assess associations between phenotype membership and related health outcomes, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Three phenotypes were identified via LCA: low\u2010allergy (13,505, 73.5%), rhinitis\u2010dominant (3147, 17.1%), and multi\u2010allergic (1719, 9.4%). Female sex, higher maternal education, middle household income, and shorter outdoor time were associated with significantly higher odds of both rhinitis\u2010dominant and multi\u2010allergic phenotypes. Early\u2010life factors were mainly associated with the rhinitis\u2010dominant phenotype. Longer sitting time and 1\u20132\/week fast\u2010food intake were associated with the multi\u2010allergic phenotype. Compared with the low\u2010allergy phenotype, rhinitis\u2010dominant and multi\u2010allergic phenotypes showed higher odds of upper respiratory infections (adjusted odds ratio: 4.40 and 3.48) and lower respiratory infections (2.49 and 2.57). Associations with dental caries were relatively weak. Sensitivity analyses supported the respiratory infection findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Three distinct allergic comorbidity phenotypes were identified in Chinese children aged 3\u201314\u2009years, with two adverse phenotypes (rhinitis\u2010dominant and multi\u2010allergic) sharing lifestyle correlates yet differing in early\u2010life exposure associations. Importantly, both phenotypes were independently associated with a higher likelihood of respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.70501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:08:05Z","timestamp":1791270485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypic patterns of allergic comorbidity and associated health outcomes in children and adolescents: A population\u2010based latent class study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine, Capital Center for Children's Health Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University Beijing 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