{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:40:44Z","timestamp":1791618044249,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>National and international guidelines have been published on pain control and prevention in the newborn, but data on compliance with these guidelines are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To document current hospital practices for analgesia at neonatal intensive care units (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s) 5\u00a0years after national guidelines were published in Italy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A computer\u2010based questionnaire was sent to all registered Italian level <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and level <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s to investigate their routine pain control practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analgesia and sedation currently used for invasive procedures as compared with best practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The questionnaire was returned by 103 of the 118 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s (87.3%), most of which (85.4%) knew of the national guidelines on procedural pain control and prevention, and used some analgesic measures during invasive procedures. One or more nonpharmacological interventions were only used routinely by 64.1% of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s for heel pricks and venipuncture, 56.0% for percutaneous insertion of central catheters, 69.7% for nasal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAP<\/jats:styled-content>, and 62.4% for eye tests to screen for retinopathy of prematurity. Pain medication was routinely administered at 34.3% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s for tracheal intubation, 46.6% for mechanical ventilation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>), 12.9% for tracheal aspiration, 71.4% for chest tube insertion, 33.0% for lumbar puncture, and 64.0% for postoperative pain. Pain was routinely monitored at only 22.7% of the units during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>, 12.1% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nCPAP<\/jats:styled-content>, and 21.8% postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey showed that most Italian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU<\/jats:styled-content>s provide some form of analgesia and sedation for invasive procedures in accordance with national guidelines, but their routine adherence to best practices for pain control and monitoring is still suboptimal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T12:48:48Z","timestamp":1357822128000},"page":"407-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Procedural pain in neonates: the state of the art in the implementation of national guidelines in <scp>I<\/scp>taly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Lago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Department of Woman's and Child's Health Azienda Ospedaliera\u2010University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Garetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria\u2010Policlinico di Modena Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Boccuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Science University of Padua Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Merazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Valduce Hospital Como Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pieragostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit San Filippo Neri Hospital Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Piga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric Hospital Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cuttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric Hospital Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Ancora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Infermi\u2018s Hospital, Rimini Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0620C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Pain in Neonates","author":"Grunau RVE","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"NSW Health\u2010Policy Directive PD2006\u2010060.Neonates \u2013 management of procedure\u2010related pain.2006. 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