{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:17:55Z","timestamp":1773285475533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of mild hypothermia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>) on acute lung injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content>) are unknown in species with metabolic rate similar to that of humans, receiving protective mechanical ventilation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>). We hypothesized that mild hypothermia would attenuate pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses in piglets with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content> managed with a protective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute lung injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content>) was induced with surfactant deactivation in 38 piglets. The animals were then ventilated with low tidal volume, moderate positive end\u2010expiratory pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEEP<\/jats:styled-content>), and permissive hypercapnia throughout the experiment. Subjects were randomized to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (33.5\u00b0C) or normothermia (37\u00b0C) groups over 4\u00a0h. Plasma and tissue cytokines, tissue apoptosis, lung mechanics, pulmonary vascular permeability, hemodynamic, and coagulation were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung interleukin\u201010 concentrations were higher in subjects that underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content> induction than in those that maintained normothermia. No difference was found in other systemic and tissue cytokines. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> did not induce lung or kidney tissue apoptosis or influence lung mechanics or markers of pulmonary vascular permeability. Heart rate, cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and delivery were significantly lower in subjects that underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>, but no difference in arterial lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, and coagulation test was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild hypothermia induced a local anti\u2010inflammatory response in the lungs, without affecting lung function or coagulation, in this piglet model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> group had lower cardiac output without signs of global dysoxia, suggesting an adaptation to the decrease in oxygen uptake and delivery. Studies are needed to determine the therapeutic role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T16:39:48Z","timestamp":1370277588000},"page":"1069-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mild hypothermia increases pulmonary anti\u2010inflammatory response during protective mechanical ventilation in a piglet model of acute lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Cruces","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Cuidados Cr\u00edticos Hospital Padre Hurtado Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Medicina Veterinaria Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Facultad de Ecolog\u00eda y Recursos Naturales Universidad Andres Bello Santiago 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