{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:48:49Z","timestamp":1777132129537,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients may experience a fatal reaction to volatile anesthetic gases. This study sought to determine the washout characteristics of desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>isys<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>vance<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>estiva<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> anesthesia machines. (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> Healthcare, Madison, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> USA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All machines were inspected by a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> Healthcare engineer prior to testing. The machines were primed with desflurane 7 vol%, sevoflurane 2.5 vol%, and isoflurane 1.2 vol% on three separate occasions for 2\u00a0h each with each gas. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>isys<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>vance<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> were tested with and without an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>dvanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>reathing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ystem (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE H<\/jats:styled-content>ealthcare, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>adison, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> USA<\/jats:styled-content>). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>estiva<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> was tested without modification to its breathing system. Additionally, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>isys was evaluated with desflurane 1.2 vol% and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>vance with a preflushed fresh gas line was tested with an autoclaved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content>. After priming, disposable components of the patient breathing system were replaced. The fresh gas flow was increased to 15\u00a0lpm. Gas measurements were recorded until the concentration was 4\u00a0parts per million (p.p.m).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fastest median washout time was achieved by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>vance in 3\u00a0min or less without an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content> or with an autoclaved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content>. The longest median time was 35\u00a0min for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>estiva<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>. Clearance of desflurane was the most time consuming for all machines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that saturated vapor pressure and priming concentration exert a greater effect on washout times than gas solubility. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>isys utilizes an electronic vaporizer system that may expose the breathing system to retained saturated vapor. The breathing systems for all machines may hinder washout of gases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T09:22:19Z","timestamp":1376644939000},"page":"1124-1130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Washout times of desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane from the <scp>GE<\/scp> healthcare <scp>A<\/scp>isys<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and <scp>A<\/scp>vance<sup>\u00ae <\/sup><scp>C<\/scp>arestation<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> and <scp>A<\/scp>estiva<sup>\u00ae <\/sup><scp>A<\/scp>nesthesia <scp>S<\/scp>ystem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tae W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Q.","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Care Solutions Healthcare Systems GE Healthcare Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ee2cb7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200204000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818874d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-009-9097-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200702000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children","author":"Cote CJ","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198908000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198809000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197103000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196205000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000315","article-title":"Preparation of Datex\u2010Ohmeda Aestiva\u00ae and Aisys\u00ae anaesthetic machines for use in malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients","volume":"40","author":"Jones C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0303100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181949afd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318213fad7"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.12234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.12234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T06:50:52Z","timestamp":1696229452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.12234"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.12234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12234","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]}}}