{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:30:08Z","timestamp":1791239408471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This review article focuses on neonatal respiratory physiology, mechanical ventilation of the neonate and changes induced by anesthesia and surgery. Optimal ventilation techniques for preterm and term neonates are discussed. In summary, neonates are at high risk for respiratory complications during anesthesia, which can be explained by their characteristic respiratory physiology. Especially the delicate balance between closing volume and functional residual capacity can be easily disturbed by anesthetic and surgical interventions resulting in respiratory deterioration. Ventilatory strategies should ideally include application of an \u2018open lung strategy\u2019 as well avoidance of inappropriately high\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                      and excessive oxygen administration. In critically ill and unstable neonates, for example, extremely low\u2010birthweight infants surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit might be an appropriate alternative to the operating theater. Best respiratory management of neonates during anesthesia is a team effort that should involve a joint multidisciplinary approach of anesthetists, pediatric surgeons, cardiologists, and neonatologists to reduce complications and optimize outcomes in this vulnerable population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T03:20:41Z","timestamp":1382584841000},"page":"10-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["The neonatal lung \u2013 physiology and ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Roland P.","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Basel University Children's Hospital (UKBB) Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta S.","family":"von Ungern\u2010Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Chair of Pediatric Anesthesia School of Medicine and Pharmacology The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000268712.00756.dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.58","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity: I. Lung function and regulation of breathing","volume":"74","author":"Gerhardt T","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70125-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(82)90002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198704000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.258","article-title":"Reflex effects and receptor responses to upper airway pressure and flow stimuli in developing puppies","volume":"58","author":"Fisher JT","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.2.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006459"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912757"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80529-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140310023005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.5.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(65)80260-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","first-page":"607","article-title":"Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate","volume":"129","author":"Langston C","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.1.144","article-title":"Specific airway conductance in relation to postconceptional age during infancy","volume":"43","author":"Stocks J","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2012141"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062604"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1348OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.29.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199112000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.10-7-e351"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_1","first-page":"CD004454","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"3","author":"Roberts D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_1","first-page":"CD007836","article-title":"Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Seger N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337345"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204163261603"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra067279"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.6.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology: a Clinical Perspective","author":"Tucker Blackburn S","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.6.909"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181eeeaf4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.46.030184.003241"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.4.1126","article-title":"Dynamic maintenance of end\u2010expiratory lung volume in full\u2010term infants","volume":"57","author":"Kosch PC","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283423e6b"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2002.0129"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326843"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_41_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The open lung concept of alveolar recruitment can improve outcome in respiratory failure and ARDS","volume":"69","author":"Papadakos PJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000312821"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302298"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000261503.29619.9c"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170190027005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00139.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2008.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.918","article-title":"Effects of hypocarbia on the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants treated with high\u2010frequency jet ventilation","volume":"98","author":"Wiswell TE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2434"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000161071.47031.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_56_1","first-page":"CD008246","article-title":"Flow\u2010cycled versus time\u2010cycled synchronized ventilation for neonates","volume":"7","author":"Schulzke SM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199611)22:5<305::AID-PPUL3>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70354-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_59_1","first-page":"CD000456","article-title":"Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants","volume":"1","author":"Greenough A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_61_1","first-page":"CD003666","article-title":"Volume\u2010targeted versus pressure\u2010limited ventilation in the neonate","volume":"11","author":"Wheeler K","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000155789.52984.B7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60278-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.2.159","article-title":"High\u2010frequency oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of acute neonatal respiratory failure","volume":"85","author":"Carter JM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951289"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_69_1","first-page":"CD002974","article-title":"High frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction born at or near term","volume":"3","author":"De PA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181b0630f"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181e89834"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep290"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61193-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_78_1","first-page":"CD000399","article-title":"Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term","volume":"4","author":"Finer NN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_79_1","first-page":"CD000509","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants","volume":"12","author":"Barrington KJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320622"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199509000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(93)90021-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.1.F51"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2004.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03846.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200610000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181a324c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007083"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197105000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199807000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.4.1591"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197710000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000299430.90352.d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199310000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198902000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182535a2a"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2736"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1998.00699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199802000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69525-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.22947"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90671-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50079"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924051"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(81)80677-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2000.00444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000156007.97090.DA"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015331"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198306233082505"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199912000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90187-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3282f8ad8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00006"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.12280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.12280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1694624088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.12280"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andy","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.12280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718154096.793490046","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]}}}