{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:34:26Z","timestamp":1787495666637,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n This prospective, randomized, double\u2010blind study was designed to evaluate the use of intranasally administered dexmedetomidine vs intranasal midazolam as a premedication in children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy\u2010two children of\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n merican\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ociety of\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n nesthesiology classification (\n ASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) physical status (I &\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), aged 3\u20136\u00a0years, were randomly assigned to one of two equal groups. Group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n received intranasal midazolam (0.2\u00a0mg\u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ), and group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n received intranasal dexmedetomidine (1\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ). The patients' sedation status, mask acceptance, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded by an observer until anesthesia induction. Recovery conditions, postoperative pain, and postoperative agitation were also recorded.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The median onset of sedation was significantly shorter in group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n 15 (10\u201325) min than in group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n 25 (20\u201340) min (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.001). Compared with the children in group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n , those in group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n were significantly more sedated when they were separated from their parents (77.8% vs 44.4%, respectively) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Satisfactory compliance with mask application was 58.3% in group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs 80.6% in group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.035). The incidences of postoperative agitation and shivering were significantly lower in Group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Thirteen children (36.1%) in group\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n , showed signs of nasal irritation with teary eyes, and none of these signs was seen in the children in group\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 0.000). There were no incidences of bradycardia, hypotension, in either of the groups during study observation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Intranasal dexmedetomidine (1\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) is an effective and safe alternative for premedication in children; it resulted in superior sedation in comparison to 0.2\u00a0mg\u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n intranasal midazolam. However, it has relatively prolonged onset of action.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T01:12:58Z","timestamp":1384477978000},"page":"181-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication in children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation: a double\u2010blinded randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Saad A.","family":"Sheta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology Department of Oral maxillofacial Surgery & Anesthesia College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha A.","family":"Al\u2010Sarheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Science College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf A.","family":"Abdelhalim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia\/Alexandria University Egypt\/Affiliated to King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Dentistry for the Children and Adolescent","author":"Creedon 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