{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:14:43Z","timestamp":1780956883570,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of pretreatment with either promethazine or dexamethasone on mivacurium\u2010induced histamine release in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASA<\/jats:styled-content> I\u2013II children (4\u201310\u00a0years of age) scheduled for tonsillectomy and\/or adenoidectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020 per group) designated as either the rocuronium, mivacurium, dexamethasone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXM<\/jats:styled-content>), or promethazine group. Children in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXM<\/jats:styled-content> and promethazine groups were treated separately with intramuscular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXM<\/jats:styled-content> 0.2\u00a0mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> or promethazine 0.5\u00a0mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> injections 60\u00a0min before operation. Radial artery blood samples were collected to quantify plasma histamine concentrations 1\u00a0min before and 1, 3, and 5\u00a0min after administration of the relaxant. Mean arterial pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content>), heart rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>), and skin flushing were recorded at the same time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant decreases in plasma histamine concentrations were observed between groups; however, more stable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> and less skin flushing were observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXM<\/jats:styled-content> group participants compared with individuals in the mivacurium group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). By contrast, children in the promethazine group had significantly decreased plasma histamine concentrations and stable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> (without a significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) compared with patients in mivacurium group. In addition, skin flushing was significantly decreased compared with that observed in the rocuronium group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretreatment with promethazine significantly decreased mivacurium\u2010induced histamine release in children and provided stable hemodynamics during administration of anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T05:16:53Z","timestamp":1384492613000},"page":"322-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of promethazine or dexamethasone pretreatment on mivacurium\u2010induced histamine release in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhou","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command Wuhan Hubei 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