{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:49:37Z","timestamp":1776779377426,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is well established in adults but has been underinvestigated in children. As day\u2010case procedures are increasingly common, it is important to establish whether children suffer significant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Pediatric\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      has been associated with several intravenous and inhalation anesthetics, but isoflurane has not been studied. As evidence indicates superior recovery after propofol, the study compared\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      after propofol or isoflurane anesthesia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare the effects of propofol versus isoflurane upon children's\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010eight children aged 5\u201314\u00a0years were randomized to propofol (total intravenous anesthesia) or isoflurane for day\u2010case dental procedures. Reaction time (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), verbal and visual memory, psychomotor coordination, and attention were assessed preoperatively, prior to discharge and at 24\u00a0h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reaction time and psychomotor control were impaired postoperatively in both groups but recovered at 24\u00a0h. Delayed verbal recall was significantly impaired only after propofol. Both groups had significant impairment of visual memory postoperatively and at 24\u00a0h, and of recognition memory postoperatively only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Propofol and isoflurane exert similar adverse effects on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , psychomotor coordination, and visual memory. Selective impairment of verbal recall by propofol is consistent with adult evidence of the drug's effect on retrieval. The enduring postoperative impairment of memory has implications for instructions to parents and caregivers for the safety and well\u2010being of children in the 24\u00a0h after day\u2010case anesthesia with propofol and isoflurane.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T08:52:06Z","timestamp":1386751926000},"page":"201-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Children's cognitive recovery after day\u2010case general anesthesia: a randomized trial of propofol or isoflurane for dental procedures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Millar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Gartnavel Royal Hospital Glasgow 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