{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:48:12Z","timestamp":1790704092363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The reported incidence of venous thromboembolism (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in children has increased dramatically over the past decade, and the primary risk factor for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in neonates and infants is the presence of a central venous catheter (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Although the associated morbidity and mortality are significant, very few trials have been conducted in children to guide clinicians in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Furthermore, pediatric guidelines for prophylaxis and management of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are largely extrapolated from adult data. How then should the anesthesiologist approach central access in children of different ages to lessen the risk of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    or in children with prior thrombosis and vessel occlusion? A comprehensive review of the pediatric and adult literature is presented with the goal of assisting anesthesiologists with point\u2010of\u2010care decision\u2010making regarding the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Illustrative cases are also provided to highlight decision\u2010making in varying situations. The only risk factor strongly associated with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    formation in children is the duration of the indwelling\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Several other factors show a trend toward altering the incidence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    formation and may be under the control of the anesthesiologist placing and managing the catheter. In particular, because children with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may live decades with its sequelae and chronic vein thrombosis, careful consideration of lessening the risk of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is warranted in every child. Further studies are needed to form a clearer understanding of the risk factors, prophylaxis, and management of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in children and to guide the anesthesiologist in lessening the risk of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T02:52:36Z","timestamp":1399863156000},"page":"902-911","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thrombotic complications in children from short\u2010term percutaneous central venous catheters: What can we do?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Latham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology &amp; Pain Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology &amp; Pain Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70149-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.5.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60040-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80529-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81730-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31821915e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318207124a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31823893f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","article-title":"Hospital\u2010associated venous thromboembolism in children: incidence and clinical characteristics","author":"Takemoto CM","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0098-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198505000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.006304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70226-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-02-0091","article-title":"Significant association with location of central venous line placement and risk of venous thrombosis in children","volume":"94","author":"Male C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.06.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.111272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200006000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence.Guidance on the use of ultrasound locating devices for placing central venous catheters. Technology Appraisal Guidance No 49 September 2002. Available at:http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk. Accessed 23 January 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823c9569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182407cd8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/70.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1210-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010guided vascular access in adults and children: beyond the internal jugular vein puncture","volume":"59","author":"Pirotte T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm074357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260241.80346.1B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(84)80194-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2008.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.107988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"CD004084","article-title":"Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection","volume":"3","author":"Ge X","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181ce7644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199610000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000161074.94315.0A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.e28"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/adnc.2003.50011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1154-9","article-title":"Central venous catheter use. Part 1: mechanical complications","volume":"28","author":"Polderman KH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23479"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.16.1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"A continuous heparin infusion does not prevent catheter\u2010related thrombosis in infants after cardiac surgery","volume":"11","author":"Schroeder AR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"CD002772","article-title":"Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters","author":"Shah PS","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.12410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.12410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T11:46:00Z","timestamp":1695555960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.12410"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.12410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12410","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]]}}}