{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:54:20Z","timestamp":1792468460024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"An unregistered research grant from the Department of Pediatric Anesthesia (Alberta Children\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Hospital) was used to complete this project."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aspiration of gastric contents can be a serious anesthetic\u2010related complication. Gastric antral sonography prior to anesthesia may have a role in identifying pediatric patients at risk of aspiration. We examined the relationship between sonographic antral area and endoscopically suctioned gastric volumes, and whether a 3\u2010point qualitative grading system is applicable in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fasted patients presenting to a pediatric hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included in the study. Sonographic measurement of the antral cross\u2010sectional area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content>) in supine (supine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content>) and right lateral decubitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLD CSA<\/jats:styled-content>) position was completed, and the antrum was designated as empty or nonempty. Gastric contents were endoscopically suctioned and measured. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit a mathematical model to estimate gastric volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients (aged 11\u2013216\u00a0months) were included. The gastric antrum was measured in 94% and 99% of patients in the supine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLD<\/jats:styled-content> positions, respectively. Gastric antral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with total gastric volume in both supine (<jats:italic>\u03c1\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.63) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>\u03c1\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.67) positions. A mathematical model incorporating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RLD CSA<\/jats:styled-content> and age (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.60) was determined as the best\u2010fit model to predict gastric volumes. Increasing gastric antral grade (0\u20132) was associated with increasing gastric fluid volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that sonographic assessment of the gastric antrum provides useful information regarding gastric content (empty versus nonempty) and volume (ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in pediatric patients. Results suggest that the three\u2010point grading system may be a valuable tool to assess gastric \u2018fullness\u2019 based on a qualitative exam of the antrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T13:57:17Z","timestamp":1418306237000},"page":"301-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Adam O.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesia Alberta Children's Hospital University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred K.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, &amp; Nutrition Alberta Children's Hospital University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Lardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesia Alberta Children's Hospital University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamin M.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Anesthesia Alberta Children's Hospital University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahi","family":"Perlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(97)00250-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199901000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197453060-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a97250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820dee48"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b98c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03013006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833161fd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199810000-00003","article-title":"Gastric contents in children presenting for upper endoscopy","volume":"87","author":"Schwartz DA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anest Analg"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fpan.12581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pan.12581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T13:30:05Z","timestamp":1696253405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pan.12581"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pan.12581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.12581","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1155-5645","1460-9592"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1155-5645","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9592","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]}}}